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Global sea-level rise in the early Holocene revealed from North Sea peats
Hijma, M.P.; Bradley, S.L.; Cohen, K.M.; van der Wal, W.; Barlow, N.L.M.; Blank, B.; Frechen, M.; Hennekam, R.; Van Heteren, S.; Kiden, P.; Mavritsakis, A.; Meijninger, B.M.L.; Reichart, G.-J.; Reinhardt, L.; Rijsdijk, K.F.; Vink, A.; Busschers, F.S. (2025). Global sea-level rise in the early Holocene revealed from North Sea peats. Nature (Lond.) 639(8055): 652-657. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08769-7
In: Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science. Nature Publishing Group: London. ISSN 0028-0836; e-ISSN 1476-4687, more
Related to:
Khan, N.S. (2025). Sea level surged twice at the end of the last ice age. Nature (Lond.) 639(8055): 580-582. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-00800-1, more
Peer reviewed article  
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Authors  Top 
  • Hijma, M.P.
  • Bradley, S.L.
  • Cohen, K.M.
  • van der Wal, W.
  • Barlow, N.L.M.
  • Blank, B.
  • Frechen, M.
  • Hennekam, R.
  • Van Heteren, S.
  • Kiden, P., more
  • Mavritsakis, A.
  • Meijninger, B.M.L.
  • Reichart, G.-J.
  • Reinhardt, L.
  • Rijsdijk, K.F.
  • Vink, A.
  • Busschers, F.S.
Abstract
    Rates of relative sea-level rise during the final stage of the last deglaciation, the early Holocene, are key to understanding future ice melt and sea-level change under a warming climate1. Data about these rates are scarce2, and this limits insight into the relative contributions of the North American and Antarctic ice sheets to global sea-level rise during the early Holocene. Here we present an early Holocene sea-level curve based on 88 sea-level data points (13.7–6.2 thousand years ago (ka)) from the North Sea (Doggerland3,4). After removing the pattern of regional glacial isostatic adjustment caused by the melting of the Eurasian Ice Sheet, the residual sea-level signal highlights two phases of accelerated sea-level rise. Meltwater sourced from the North American and Antarctic ice sheets drove these two phases, peaking around 10.3 ka and 8.3 ka with rates between 8 mm yr−1 and 9 mm yr−1. Our results also show that global mean sea-level rise between 11 ka and 3 ka amounted to 37.7 m (2σ range, 29.3–42.2 m), reconciling the mismatch that existed between estimates of global mean sea-level rise based on ice-sheet reconstructions and previously limited early Holocene sea-level data. With its broad spatiotemporal coverage, the North Sea dataset provides critical constraints on the patterns and rates of the late-stage deglaciation of the North American and Antarctic ice sheets, improving our understanding of the Earth-system response to climate change.
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