This dataset includes immune priming effects (IPEs) of sea spray aerosol (SSA) samples collected from the field (n = 13) and generated using a laboratory-based SSA generator (n = 13). IPEs were assessed using human reporter cell assays by measuring the activation of TLR4, NF-κB, and IRF. SSA samples were grouped by collection site and week (resulting in six pooled samples) for bacterial community profiling using nanopore full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The resulting bacterial abundance data were then analyzed in relation to the measured IPEs on TLR4 to identify taxa potentially associated with immunomodulatory responses.